Physical Examination and Vaccines

Physical Examination and Vaccines are available for dogs. Some are considered core vaccines and other considered non-core vaccines. Core vaccines are always recommended and non-core vaccines depend on lifestyle and risk.

The core vaccines include:

Rabies Virus:
A lethal virus transmitted through bodily fluids such as saliva from other animals such as bats and raccoons.

DHPPV:
Distemper: An often fatal virus that causes vomiting, diarrhea, and neurologic issues.
Hepatitis: Can lead to severe damage to the lungs, kidneys, and liver.
Parainfluenza: Can cause infections of the upper respiratory tract.
Parvovirus: A very contagious disease that will cause vomiting and bloody diarrhea.

The non-core vaccines include:

Leptospirosis: An infection of the kidneys from contact with water infected with urine. It can be transmitted to people.

Bordetella: Otherwise known as the kennel cough vaccine. It is a contagious upper respiratory infection that causes a dry hacking cough.

Lyme: A bacterial infection spread from infected ticks. Common in southwestern Ontario. Can affect joints and other organs.

There are a variety of vaccines available for cats. Some are considered core vaccines and other considered non-core vaccines. Core vaccines are always recommended and non-core vaccines depend on lifestyle.

The core feline vaccines include:

Rabies Virus: A lethal virus transmitted through bodily fluids such as saliva from other animals such as bats and raccoons

FVRCP: Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis: A

Feline Vaccination Guide: Core and Non-Core Vaccines

Vaccination is an essential aspect of feline healthcare, ensuring your cat is protected against life-threatening diseases. Core vaccines are strongly recommended for all cats, while non-core vaccines are given based on a cat’s lifestyle, environment, and risk factors. Proper immunization helps prevent severe infections and ensures a longer, healthier life for your feline companion.

Core Feline Vaccines

Core vaccines are essential for every cat, regardless of lifestyle, as they protect against highly contagious and often fatal diseases. These vaccines provide immunity against common viruses that can be spread through direct contact, the environment, or even other animals.

1. Rabies Virus
Rabies is a lethal virus that affects the central nervous system and is transmitted through bodily fluids such as saliva from infected animals like bats, raccoons, and foxes. This virus is zoonotic, meaning it can spread to humans, making it crucial to vaccinate all cats. In many regions, rabies vaccination is required by law due to the severe public health risk.

2. FVRCP (Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus, and Panleukopenia)
The FVRCP vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against three dangerous feline diseases:

• Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR): This respiratory infection is caused by feline herpesvirus, leading to sneezing, nasal discharge, eye inflammation, fever, and in some cases, pneumonia. It is highly contagious, especially in multi-cat households or shelters.
• Calicivirus: A common upper respiratory infection that affects a cat’s nose, throat, and mouth. It can cause painful ulcers, drooling, lethargy, and difficulty eating. In severe cases, it leads to pneumonia or systemic infections.
• Panleukopenia (Feline Distemper): A life-threatening disease that causes vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and suppression of the immune system. Kittens are particularly vulnerable, and the virus can survive in the environment for long periods, making vaccination essential.

Non-Core Feline Vaccines

Non-core vaccines are recommended based on a cat’s lifestyle, exposure to other cats, and environment. While they may not be necessary for all felines, they are crucial for cats at higher risk of exposure to certain infections.

1. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
FeLV is a serious disease that weakens a cat’s immune system, making it susceptible to secondary infections, anemia, and certain cancers. The virus spreads through close contact, grooming, shared food or water bowls, and bite wounds. Cats that spend time outdoors or interact with other felines are at the highest risk. Vaccination is recommended for kittens, outdoor cats, and those living in multi-cat households.

2. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Similar to HIV in humans, FIV weakens a cat’s immune system over time, making it harder to fight off infections. The virus is primarily transmitted through deep bite wounds, making outdoor and stray cats particularly vulnerable. Vaccination may be considered for high-risk cats, though preventing exposure through indoor living is the best protection.

3. Bordetella (Kennel Cough)
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a bacterial infection that causes upper respiratory symptoms in cats, including sneezing, nasal discharge, and coughing. It spreads through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated surfaces, or airborne droplets. This vaccine is commonly recommended for cats in shelters, boarding facilities, or multi-pet households.

4. Chlamydophila Felis
Chlamydophila felis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects a cat’s eyes, causing conjunctivitis, watery eyes, and respiratory issues. It spreads through close contact with infected cats, making vaccination beneficial in catteries or multi-cat homes.

Frequently asked questions about vaccines